New social media rules in gabon ban pseudonyms, sparking debate

Gabon’s updated social media regulations are causing a stir among internet users and political figures alike. The newly implemented ordinance, which came into force recently, introduces strict identification requirements for all social media accounts operating within the country.

Under the new rules outlined in article 4, users can no longer hide behind aliases or fake profiles. Real names, surnames, and even personal identification numbers (NIP) are now mandatory for individuals. Businesses must also provide their commercial registration details. The move aims to curb online anonymity, which authorities argue has fueled harmful behavior such as defamation, insults, and attempts to destabilize state institutions.

One prominent content creator, Bienvenue Effayong, known on social platforms as « Bitome » (meaning « problems » in a local language), has publicly supported the changes. A figure aligned with Gabon’s ruling party, Effayong frequently faces harsh criticism from anonymous online users. He believes the regulation will put an end to online impunity. « I fully agree with this law—100%, or even 1,000%—because people hide behind fake accounts to slander, insult, and destabilize simply because they think they’re anonymous. Now, everyone will have to take responsibility for their words and actions. »

controversy over free speech and democracy

The ordinance, however, has drawn sharp criticism from others who see it as an overreach. Marcel Libama, a former transitional lawmaker, warns that the measure undermines constitutional freedoms. « This ordinance represents a collapse of free speech and democracy in our country, » he states. « We do not need such a restrictive law, especially one that conflicts with our Constitution. »

Enacted during a parliamentary recess, the ordinance is currently in full effect, though it remains subject to review by the National Assembly, which may amend, ratify, or reject it. Gabon has maintained an official suspension of social media platforms since February, with authorities citing the need to protect youth and prevent online abuse as key motivations behind the decision.