The conflict in Sudan has escalated into a severe humanitarian crisis. Nearly a million people have fled to neighboring Chad, which now sits on the frontline following the fall of El-Fasher in North Darfur. In just two weeks, nearly 100,000 civilians fled the city, with about 6,000 crossing into Chad. This dire situation is unfolding in a country already overwhelmed by years of regional instability.

A strategic border under extreme strain

The 1,300-kilometer border between the two nations cuts through arid, difficult-to-monitor regions. Historically exploited by militias and rebel groups, these areas now face growing threats from the advance of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), which control most of Darfur.

Since December 2024, military tensions have intensified: a drone strike killed two Chadian soldiers in January 2025, an incursion attributed to the RSF left seven dead near Tiné.

In response to these attacks, N’Djamena has fully sealed its border, citing the immediate risk of conflict spilling over into its territory.

Claimed neutrality, persistent allegations

Chad insists it remains neutral in the Sudanese war. However, multiple investigations, including satellite analyses, suggest arms from the United Arab Emirates may have transited through its territory en route to the RSF. Authorities strongly deny these claims, emphasizing that Chad itself has suffered drone strikes and incursions.

This controversy has deepened internal divisions. In April 2025, several high-ranking officers—particularly from the Zaghawa ethnic group, prominent in the security apparatus and historically opposed to the RSF—were dismissed from their posts.

Realigning with France for strategic support

After a period of diplomatic strain, Chad is rekindling its relationship with France. The Sudanese issue is now central to discussions between Mahamat Idriss Déby and Emmanuel Macron. France once provided critical intelligence support essential for securing the border, but this assistance has waned. Restoring closer ties is seen as vital for N’Djamena to regain stability and security.