Passive smoking in N’Djamena a growing public health concern

Over fifteen years after its adoption, the law banning smoking in public spaces remains widely ignored in Chad, particularly in its bustling capital, N’Djamena. Despite clear regulations, the sight of people lighting up in crowded areas is still commonplace, creating a stark contrast between policy and practice.

Where the law fails: markets and crowded spaces

In locations like the Central Market or Dembé Market, the air is thick with cigarette smoke mingling with dust and the aroma of street food. Vendors and customers alike light up without hesitation, seemingly unbothered by the health risks. Pélagie, a fish seller, shares her frustration: « We’re so used to the smoke here that we barely notice it anymore. There have been announcements, but no one follows them. It’s unacceptable. »

Unsafe spaces: schools, hospitals, and public transport

The disregard for the law extends beyond markets. Christian, a local resident, points out the lack of designated smoking areas: « In other countries, smokers have spaces to themselves, but here, everyone is mixed together. Even schools and hospitals aren’t spared. The government must step up. » His observation highlights a systemic issue where no public space is truly protected from secondhand smoke.

Vulnerable groups bear the brunt

Non-smokers, especially children and pregnant women, face heightened risks of respiratory diseases, cardiovascular issues, and even cancer due to prolonged exposure. Those with pre-existing conditions, like asthma, are particularly affected. Amina, who suffers from severe allergies, admits she no longer visits restaurants: « I used to go out, but the smoke triggers my allergies. No one respects the rules. »

Environmental and health consequences

The impact of unchecked smoking extends beyond health. Discarded cigarette butts litter the streets, contributing to pollution and fire hazards. Despite legal prohibitions, enforcement remains inconsistent, leaving many to question the effectiveness of existing measures.

The 2010 law n° 010/PR/2010 explicitly bans smoking in all public spaces, workplaces, and public transport, with additional protections for minors and pregnant women. Subsequent decrees, such as n° 1522/PR/MSP/2019, outlined enforcement mechanisms, including the creation of an anti-tobacco brigade. Public awareness campaigns by the Ministry of Public Health and N’Djamena’s city council were launched, yet compliance remains a challenge.

For over a decade, these efforts have fallen short, leaving N’Djamena’s residents to navigate a reality where the law exists on paper but not in practice.