Mass forced conscription campaigns

Investigations reveal that after seizing key cities like Goma and Bukavu in early 2025, the M23 intensified forced recruitment operations. Thousands of Congolese soldiers, local militia members, and civilians have reportedly been abducted from streets, homes, and public gatherings in schools and churches. Survivors describe being transported to makeshift military camps across eastern DRC.

Child soldiers among victims

Child recruitment has reached alarming levels, with some victims as young as 12 years old. Survivors report being taken to training facilities where they received military and ideological indoctrination. According to testimonies, refusal to comply with conscription orders resulted in immediate death threats from M23 commanders.

Inhumane detention conditions

Former detainees describe overcrowded cells, extreme food and water shortages, and systematic physical abuse. Many witnessed fellow inmates dying from starvation, dehydration, or fatal beatings. While exact casualty figures remain unverified, witnesses estimate hundreds may have perished in these detention centers.

Rwanda’s alleged involvement

Multiple testimonies identify Rwandan military officers and uniformed personnel among M23 detention center staff. Survivors claim Rwandan instructors oversaw training sessions while Rwandan army uniforms were visible in several facilities. These accusations emerge amid persistent regional tensions, with Kigali continuing to deny direct military support allegations to the M23.