Is Cameroon’s presidency vacant amid extended foreign stay?

In his latest political editorial broadcast on Radio Tiémeni Siantou (90.5 FM in Yaoundé and Bafang), journalist Eric Boniface Tchouakeu raises pressing questions about the prolonged private trip of Cameroon’s Head of State to Europe. The Head of State, President Paul Biya, departed Cameroon on June 7, 2026, reportedly for a “short private stay” in Europe, as confirmed by his Cabinet Director, Samuel Mvondo Ayolo.

The timing of this extended absence has sparked intense debate, particularly regarding the President’s health at 93 years old. Despite repeated reassurances from authorities, speculation persists, with some suggesting a potential power vacuum in Cameroon.

Legal framework vs. public perception

Contrary to widespread belief, Cameroon’s constitution does not impose any time limit on how long the President may spend abroad. The law does not recognize a power vacuum based solely on extended foreign travel. Instead, the Constitution outlines three specific scenarios where a vacancy can be declared: the President’s death, resignation, or definitive impediment.

However, the Constitution provides no clear definition of what constitutes a “definitive impediment,” leaving this critical question open to interpretation. This ambiguity complicates efforts to determine whether a power vacuum exists based on the President’s prolonged absence.

Political ethics under scrutiny

While legally permissible, the President’s extended stay abroad raises ethical concerns. The delayed formation of the government following the October 12, 2025 presidential election, coupled with the swift reinstatement of the Vice-President position, has fueled public skepticism. Citizens are increasingly monitoring the number of days the President has spent outside Cameroon since June 7, 2026.

Over his 43 years in power, President Biya has never issued significant decrees from abroad, highlighting the unusual nature of the current situation. This unprecedented scenario has intensified public scrutiny of presidential conduct and governance transparency.